285 Milton M. Gordon, Assimilation in American Life(New York: Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 70-71.

286 Peter D. Salins, Assimilation, American Style(New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 6, 48-49.

287 Gordon, Assimilation in American Life,p. 127, 244-45.

288 Will Herberg, Protestant Catholic Jew(Garden City: Doubleday, 1955), p. 33-34; George R. Stewart, American Ways of Life(New York: Doubleday, 1954), p. 23, cited in Gordon, Assimilation in American Life,p. 127—28.

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289 Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Virginia,(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1954), p. 84-85.

290 Michael Piore, Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), p. 151.

291 Gordon, Assimilation in American Life,p. 190; Thomas Sowell, Migrations and Cultures: A World View,(New York: Basic Books, 1996), p. 48. For an excellent overview and analysis of the successful assimilation of pre-World War II immigrants and their descendants, see Richard Alba and Victor Nee, Remaking the American Mainstream: Assimilation and Contemporary Immigration(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003), chap. 3.

292 Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order(New York: Simon Schuster, 1996), p. 264.

293 American Muslim Council, Zogby poll, released 28 August 2000.

294 Kambiz Ghanea Bassiri, Competing Visions of Islam in the United States: A Study of Los Angeles(Westport, СТ: Greenwood Press, 1997), p. 43-49.

295 Corey Michael Spearman, "The Clash of Civilizations in Dearborn, Michigan" (Term paper, Kalamazoo College, Michigan, March 2000), p. 7, quoting Abu Mustafa Al-Bansilwani, "There Has to Be a Better Way—and There Is!", Ummah,I (no. 1, 1999), p. 1-2.

296 Daniel Patrick Moynihan, "The Sonnet About the Statue of Liberty", New York,19 May 1986), p. 58.

297 Sowell, Migrations and Cultures,p. 39-40; John С Harles, Politics in the Lifeboat: Immigrants and the American Democratic Order(Boulder: Westview Press, 1993), p. 99.

298 Henri Weber, quoted in The Economist,12 February 2000, p. 20.

299 Oscar Handlin, The Uprooted(Boston: Little, Brown, 2nd ed., 1973) p. 272; Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society(New York: Norton, rev. ed., 1998), p. 17; Harles, Politics in the Lifeboat,p. 4.

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300 Salins, Assimilation, American Style,p. 48-49; Josef Joffe, personal conversation.

301 Piore, Birds of Passage:p. 149 ff.

302 Roberto Suro, Strangers Among Us(New York: Knopf, 1998), p. 325.

303 Washington, Jefferson, Franklin quoted in Matthew Spalding, "From Pluribus to Unum", Policy Review,no. 67 (Winter 1994), p. 39-40.

304 Gordon, Assimilation in American Life,p. 132-33; Marcus Lee Hansen, The Immigrant in American History(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1940), p. 132; Heinz Kloss, The American Bilingual Tradition(Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1977), p. 128; Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998), p. 28-29.

305 Samuel Lubell, The Future of American Politics(New York: Harper, 1951), p. 58ff.

306 New York Times,9 December 1999, p. 1, 20; 5 March 2000, p. A1, A20; Washington Post,18 September 1993, p. A1; New York City Department of City Planning, The Newest New Yorkers: 1995—1996: An Update of Immigration to NYC in the Mid '90s(8 November 1999).

307 James Dao, "Immigrant Diversity Slows Traditional Political Climb", New York Times,28 December 1999, p. A1; John J. Miller, The Unmaking of Americans(New York: Free Press, 1998), p. 218-19; Edward P. Lazear, Culture Wars in America(Stanford: Hoover Institution, Essays in Public Policy, no. 71, 1996), p. 9, citing 1990 census data.

308 Nathan Glazer, "Immigration and the American Future", The Public Interest,118 (Winter 1995), p. 51; "Issue Brief: Cycles of Nativism in U.S. History", Immigration Forum,19

May 2000, p. 1.

309 Robert William Fogel, The Fourth Great Awakening and the Future of Egalitarianism(Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2000), p. 60; Barry Edmonston and Jeffrey P. Passel, "Ethnic Demography: U.S. Immigration and Ethnic Variations", in Edmonston and Passel, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity(Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press 1994), p. 8; Campbell J. Gibson and Emily Lennon, Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign Born Population of the United

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States, 1850-1990(Washington: Census Bureau Population Division, Working Paper 29, February 1999).

310 Richard Alba and Victor Nee, "Rethinking Assimilation Theory for a New Era of Immigration", International Migration Review,31 (Winter 1997), p. 842-43; Douglas Massey, "The New Immigration and Ethnicity in the United States", Population and Development Review,21 (September, 1995), p. 645, quoted in Peggy Levitt, The Transnational Villagers(Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), p. 18.