171 Abraham Lincoln, "The Perpetuation of our Political Institutions", speech, 27 January 1837, Springfield, IL, in The Speeches of Abraham Lincoln(New York: Chesterfield Society, 1908), p. 9-10.

172 Merle Curti, The Roots of American Loyalty(New York: Columbia University Press, 1946), p. 169-170.

173 Boorstin, The Americansp. 402; Gaines M. Foster, "A Christian Nation: Signs of a Covenant", in Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection,p. 123; Spillman, Nation and Commemoration,

p. 24-25.

174 Morton Keller, Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America(Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1977), p. 39; Willard Saulsbury quoted in Keller, Affairs of State,p. 69.

175 John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925(New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1988), p. 344.

176 Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community(New York: Simon Schuster, 2000), p. 384ff, citing Theda Skocpol, "How Americans Became Civic", in Theda Skocpol and Morris P. Fiorina, eds., Civic Engagement in American Democracy(Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1999).

177 Cecilia Elizabeth O'Leary, To Die For: The Paradox of American Patriotism(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), p. 49.

178 Zelinsky, Nation into State,p. 105-106, 106; McConnell, "Reading the Flag", p. 113.

179 Higham, Strangers in the Land,p. 75-76.

596

180 Cecilia Elizabeth O'Leary, '"Blood Brotherhood: ' The Racialization of Patriotism, 1865-1918", in Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection,p. 54, 73, 75-76; Curti, The Roots of American Loyalty,p. 192.

181 O'Leary, "'Blood Brotherhood,'" in Bodnar, ed., Bonds of Affection,p. 57-58, 64; Higham, Strangers in the Land,p. 170-71.

182 Zelinsky, Nation into State,p. 144, citing Boyd С Shafer, Faces of Nationalism: New Realities and Old Myths(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972), p. 203; O'Leary, "'Blood Brotherhood,'" p. 65, citing Bessie Louise Pierce, Public Opinion and the Teaching of History in the United State(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926), p. 13-16.

183 Curti, Roots of American Loyalty,p. 190.

184 Zelinsky, p. 29, 56, 150; Bessie Louise Pierce, Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks(Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1930), p. 254.

185 Zelinsky, Nation into State,p. 86-88.

186 Catherine Albanese, "Requiem for Memorial Day: Dissent in the Redeemer Nation", American Quarterly,26 (1974), p. 389; Zelinsky, Nation into State,p. 74.

187 Zelinsky, Nation into State,p. 204-5.

188 Ibid., p. 202-3; O'Leary, To Die For,p. 201-24; Boleslaw Mastai and Marie-Louise D'Orange, The Stars and Stripes: The American Flag As Art and As History from the Birth of the Republic to the Present(New York: Knopf, 1973), p. 130, quoted in Zelinsky, Nation into State,p.202-3.

189 O'Leary, To Die For,p. 233-234, citing Halter v. Nebraska205 U. S. 34-46 and quoting Halter et at. v. State105 Northwestern Reporter,p. 298-301.

190 J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer and Sketches of 18th – Century America(New York: Penguin, 1981), p. 68, 70; Israel Zangwill, The Melting Pot: A Drama in Four Acts(New York: Arno Press, 1975), p. 184.

191 Milton M. Gordon, Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion, and National Origin(New York: Oxford University Press, 1964), p. 89; Michael Novak, Further

597

Reflections on Ethnicity(Middletown, PA: Jednota Press,1977),p.59.

192 Horace M. Kallen, The Structure of Lasting Peace: An Inquiry into the Motives of War and Peace(Boston: Marshall Jones Company, 1918), p. 31; Horace M. Kallen, Cultural Pluralism and the American Ideal: An Essay in Social Philosophy(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1956); Horace M. Kallen, Culture and Democracy in the United States: Studies in the Group Psychology of the American Peoples(New York: Boni and Liveright, 1924).