(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 8-9; Sarah V. Wayland, "Citizenship and Incorporation: How Nation-States Respond to the Challenges of Migration", Fletcher Forum of World Affairs,20 (Summer/Fall 1996), p. 39; Irene Bloemraad, "The North American Naturalization Gap: An Institutional Approach to Citizenship Acquisition in the United States and Canada", International Migration Review,36 (Spring 2002), p. 193-228, especially p. 209, and "A Macro-Institutional Approach to Immigrant Political Incorporation: Comparing the Naturalization Rates and Processes of Portuguese Immigrants in the US and Canada" (paper, annual meeting, American Sociological Association, August 1999, Chicago).

357 Maria Jiminez, quoted in New York Times,13 September 1996, p. A16; Jones-Correa Between Two Nations,p. 200.

358 Immigration and Naturalization Service release, Boston Globe,17 July 2002, p. A3.

359 Spiro, "Questioning Barriers to Naturalization", p. 492, 518.

360 Schuck and Smith, Citizenship Without Consent,p. 108.

361 Carens, "Why Naturalization Should Be Easy", p. 146.

362 Mary С Waters, Ethnic Options: Choosing Identities in America(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), p. 94.

363 David M. Kennedy, "Can We Still Afford to Be a Nation of Immigrants?" Atlantic Monthly,278 (November 1996), p. 67.

364 Roger Daniels, Coming to America: A History of Immigration and Ethnicity in American Life(New York: HarperCollins, 1990), p. 129, 146.

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365 Campbell J. Gibson and Emily Lennon, "Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-Born Population of the United States 1850-1990" (Population Division Working Paper No. 29, U.S. Census Bureau, February 1999), Table 3; U.S. Census Bureau, March 2000 Current Population Survey, Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States 2000(PPL-145, 2001), Tables 1-1,3-1,3-2, 3-3, and 3-4.

366 The Economist,24 August 2002, p. 21-22; U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Immigration Statistics, 2002 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics(Washington, forthcoming, 2003), Table 2; New York Times,19 June 2003, p. A22.

367 Mark Krikorian, "Will Americanization Work in America?" Freedom Review,28 (Fall 1997), p. 48-49.

368 Barry Edmonston and Jeffrey S. Passel, "Ethnic Demography: U.S. Immigration and Ethnic Variations", in Edmonston and Passell, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity: The Integration of America's Newest Arrivals(Washington: Urban Institute Press, 1994), p. 8.

369 The Economist,20 May 1995, p. 29; New York Times,3 June 1995, p. B2; Immigration and Naturalization Service study, reported in New York Times,8 February 1997, p. 9; INS study, reported in Boston Globe,1 February 2003, p. A8; Census Bureau figure reported in Washington Post,25 October 2001, p. A 24.

370 Michael Fix and Wendy Zimmermann, "After Arrival: An Overview of Federal Immigrant Policy in the United States", in Edmonston and Passel, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity,p. 257-58; Frank D. Bean et al., "Educational and Sociodemographic Incorporation Among Hispanic Immigrants to the United States", in Edmonston and Passell, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity,p. 80-82; George J. Borjas, Heaven's Door: Immigration Policy and the American Economy(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), p. 118; "U. S. Survey", The Economist,11 March 2000, p. 12; New York Times,1 February 2000, p. A12; The Economist,18 May 1996, p. 29.

371 Frank D. Bean, Jorge Chapa, Ruth R. Berg, and Kathryn A. Sowards, "Educational and Sociodemographic Incorporation Among Hispanic Immigrants to the United

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States", in Edmonston and Passel, eds., Immigration and Ethnicity,p. 80-82; "US Survey", The Economist,p. 12; James Sterngold, "A Citizenship Incubator for Immigrant Latinos", New York Times,1 February 2000, p. A12; "Where Salsa Meets Burger", The Economist,18 May 1996, p. 29.

372 "US Survey", The Economist,p. 15, citing Los Angeles Times;Abraham F. Lowenthal and Katrina Burgess, eds., The California-Mexico Connection(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993), p. 256; New York Times,17 February 2003, p. A13.

373 Kennedy, "Can We Still Afford to Be a Nation of Immigrants?" p. 68.

374 Summary of Mexican report in David Simcox, Backgrounder: Another 50 Years of Mass Mexican Immigration(Washington, D. C: Center for Immigration Studies, March 2002).

375 Myron Weiner, The Global Migration Crisis: Challenge to States and to Human Rights(New York: HarperCollins, 1995), p. 21ff.; David M. Heer, Immigration in America's Future: Social Science Findings and the Policy Debate(Boulder: Westview Press, 1996), p. 147.

376 Edmonston and Passel, "Ethnic Demography",, p. 21; Mark Falcoff, Beyond Bilingualism(Washington, D. C: American Enterprise Institute, On the Issues Release, August 1996), p. 4.